China was the country which first began growing large areas of GMOs for
consumption, but by 1996 the USA had also approved use of herbicide-tolerant
(e.g. to Roundup herbicide) and disease resistant soybeans and maize. The
Monsanto Corporation has been accused of not listening to the groups that
would be responsible for marketing their "Roundup Ready" soybean, as they
shipped tons of these beans to soy processors in Europe. Protesters around
Europe in 1996 nearly led to a trade war nearly began between USA and Europe.
The issue was whether the so-called "Roundup Ready" could be, and should be,
segregated from other beans. Earlier in 1996, European retail and wholesale
groups had asked for separate streams for the Roundup Ready. Retailers in
France, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom wanted segregation so
that they could label the products appropriately. German, Austrian, Finnish,
and Swedish retailers wanted a separate stream so that they could exclude
genetically manipulated food either "for the foreseeable future" or "until
consumers are happy." Their Norwegian and Swiss counterparts cannot import
until it has been approved for import due to specific laws.
It was estimated that 1-2% of soybeans in the USA in 1996, the major world
producer, were modified, and in 1997 10% will be. Monsanto argued that
thousands of different processed food products have soybeans as an ingredient,
and that the products are distinguishable only in insignificant details. The
regulators and most retailers agree. However, labels are being introduced in
Europe as a result of public pressure by activist groups and the fear of not
being in "gcontrol" of the food eaten. Some supermarkets in the UK and Japan
are also labeling soybean products that a guarantied not to be made from GMOs.
Together with the soybeans, Ciba-Geigy's glufosinate-tolerant (herbicide)
Bacillus thuriengensis insecticidal toxin gene (insect resistance) -
containing maize is now sold in Europe, and will be sold around the world as
most processed foods contain soybean or corn. It will be difficult to label so
many different food products as having potentially some extract from the 10%
of the crops which are made from GMOs. Numerous other companies are
introducing crops, and most seed producers offer the choice of seeds from GMOs.
Thailand has approved some field trials of GMOs from European and US companies
for GMOs, and the technology can also be easily copied, so that we can expect
widespread use of products around Asia.
The approval of a modified tomato which has delayed ripening for general
growth in the USA was given in 1993, and it was sold since 1994 for general
commercial food consumption in the USA, and later in Europe, and around the
world. These survey data suggest it would be generally supported around the
world. However, in 1995 and 1996 the economic success of this tomato was not
so great, due to problems with disease resistance and collection [16], and it
was not the huge success it was expected to be. There are also groups which
oppose the food from GMOs, and restaurants which claim they do not buy such
foods.